Figure 7.17

Figure 7.17 | Evolution and breakdown of (a) global land-based GHG emissions and removals and (b) global land-use dynamics under four Illustrative Mitigation Pathways, which illustrate the differences in timing and magnitude of land-based mitigation approaches including afforestation and BECCS. All pathways are based on different IAM realisations: ModAct scenario (below 3.0°C, C6) from IMAGE 3.0; IMP Neg-2.0 (limit warming to 2°C (>67%), C3) from AIM/CGE 2.2; IMP Ren (1.5°C with no or low overshoot, C1) from REMIND-MAgPIE 2.1–4.3; IMP SP (1.5°C with no or low overshoot, C1) from REMIND-MAgPIE 2.1–4.2. In panel A the categories CO2 AFOLU, CH4 AFOLU and N2O AFOLU include GHG emissions from land-use change and agricultural land use (including emissions related to bioenergy production). In addition, the category CO2 Land includes removals due to afforestation/reforestation. BECCS reflects the CO2 emissions captured from bioenergy use and stored in geological deposits. CH4 and N2O emissions are converted to CO2-eq using GWP100 factors of 27 and 273 respectively.