7.4.6.4 Energy access and biomass use

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Chapter 7 : Risk management and decision making in relation to sustainable development7.4 Policy instruments for land and climate7.4.6 Policies responding to land degradation

7.4.6.4Energy access and biomass use

… addressing deforestation and forest degradation (improved monitoring capacities, understanding of drivers, increased stakeholder involvement, and providing a platform to secure indigenous and community land rights). However, to achieve its original objectives and to be effective under current conditions, forest-based mitigation actions …

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Chapter 7 : Risk management and decision making in relation to sustainable development7.4 Policy instruments for land and climate

7.4.5Policies responding to desertification and degradation – Land Degradation Neutrality (LDN)

… in irrigation, expanding agricultural commercialisation, and facilitating structural transformations in rural economies (Chapter 3). Policies and actions also include promoting indigenous and local knowledge (ILK), soil conservation, agroforestry, crop-livestock interactions as an approach to manage land degradation, and forest-based activities such …

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Chapter 7 : Risk management and decision making in relation to sustainable development7.4 Policy instruments for land and climate7.4.4 Policies responding to greenhouse gas (GHG) fluxes

7.4.4.4Technology transfer and land-use sectors

… includes transfer of knowledge and technological cooperation (see Glossary) and can include modifications to suit local conditions and/or integration with indigenous technologies (Metz et al. 2000). This definition suggests greater heterogeneity in the applications for climate mitigation and adaptation, especially …

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Chapter 6 : Interlinkages between desertification, land degradation, food security and GHG fluxes: synergies, trade-offs and integrated response options6.4 Managing interactions and interlinkages6.4.4 Opportunities for implementing integrated response options

6.4.4.3Resolving challenges in response option implementation

… land, agricultural and environmental policy, and implementing response options requires that a range of actors, including businesses, consumers, land managers, indigenous peoples and local communities, scientists, and policymakers work together for success. Diverse stakeholders have a particularly important role to play …

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CCB8 Ecosystem services and Nature’s Contributions to People, and their relation to the land–climate system

… and humanities – and a wider range of values, from intrinsic to instrumental to relational – particularly those held by indigenous peoples and local communities (Redford and Adams 2009; Schröter et al. 2014; Pascual et al. 2017; Díaz …

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CCB10 Economic dimensions of climate change and land

… difficult to estimate in monetary terms, including when they hold high symbolic value, linked to ancestral history, or traditional and indigenous knowledge systems (Boillat and Berkes 2013). Such incommensurable values of land are core to social cohesion – social norms …

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Chapter 7 : Risk management and decision making in relation to sustainable development7.2 Climate-related risks for land-based human systems and ecosystems

7.2.4Risks arising from hazard, exposure and vulnerability

… of ecosystem services (ES) – Cultural loss – Effective enforcement of protected areas and curbs on illegal trade – Ecosystem restoration – Protection of indigenous people Bailis et al. 2015; Cameron et al. 2016 Extreme events in multiple economic and agricultural regimes Global –  Food-importing countries – …

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Chapter 6 : Interlinkages between desertification, land degradation, food security and GHG fluxes: synergies, trade-offs and integrated response options6.2 Response options, co-benefits and adverse side effects across the land challenges6.2.1 Integrated response options based on land management

6.2.1.5Integrated response options based on land management specifically for carbon dioxide removal (CDR)

… some areas, natural enemies of the invasive species are introduced to control them. Exotic species are used in forestry where local indigenous forests cannot produce the type, quantity and quality of forest products required. Planted forests of exotic tree species make significant …

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Chapter 6 : Interlinkages between desertification, land degradation, food security and GHG fluxes: synergies, trade-offs and integrated response options

6.2Response options, co-benefits and adverse side effects across the land challenges

… be implemented to enable their application; that is the subject of Chapter 7. Also note that enabling conditions such as indigenous and local knowledge, gender issues, governance and so on are not categorised as integrated response options (Section 6.1.2). Some suggested …

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Box 6.1 Case studies by anthrome type showing historical interlinkages between land-based challenges and the development of local responses

… number=29]). Since around 2000, the large-scale implementation of soil and water conservation (SWC) measures, integrated catchment management, conservation agriculture and indigenous tree regeneration has started to yield positive effects on the vegetation cover and led to the stabilisation of about 25% …

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